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Consulting Services on

Sewage treatment and disposal

(wastewater treatment and disposal)



Conceptual engineering, Process Design, Pre-feasibility and Feasibility Studies, Master Plans.

The conceptual engineering of a specific project requires the integration of multiple aspects. Our comprehensive approach starts from the alternatives for disposal / reuse of the treated effluents and the impact they will have on the environment and public health, stressing sustainability. Then, it goes back to the required quality and treatment processes.


Site specific sewage, industrial effluents, first-flush run-off (storm water) and other pollutants from:
  • Large hotels and tourism resorts
  • Large restorans, catering services
  • Hospitals
  • Large farms and agricultural communities
  • Dairy farms, poultry farms, piggeries, etc. (slurry, manure)
  • Aquaculture (fish) farms
  • Meat processing complexes (slaughterhouses, abattoires)
  • Fruit processing, vegetables processing.
  • Wine (wineries) beer, distilleries, soft drinks
  • Dairy factories, cheese whey.
  • Agroindustries (coffe, chocolate, sugar cane, sugar refineries, tanneries, others)
  • Oil and soap factories
  • Detergent factories
  • High-tech factories (electronics)
  • Chemical and petrochemical industry
  • Pharmaceutical industry
  • Auto repair shops (busses, trucks, heavy equipment)
  • Gas stations
  • Military bases
  • Airports
  • Supermarket waste
  • Sea ports and marinas, shipyards
  • Leaching (percolate) from landfills
  • etc.
  • Catchment basin management principles
  • Local climate and ecology
  • Local energy availability and price
  • Local urban and rural economies
  • Local social and public health characteristics

Process design of sewage treatment plants.

  • Process design based on alternative high-tech low-cost low-energy technologies:
    • Advanced stabilization ponds of new generation
    • Sequential batch stabilization reservoirs
    • Low-energy aerated lagoons
    • Open and closed anaerobic reactors
    • Low-rate trickling filters
    • Constructed wetlands
    • Rock filters
    • Modified UASB type anaerobic reactors
    • TF/SC and other low-energy activated sludge
    • MBR
    • Irrigation with treated wastewater as part of the treatment process
    • List of main technologies we have used in our designs

  • Sewage treatment process for the removal of:
    • Organic matter (i.e., BOD, COD, TOC, TSS)
    • Pathogens (parasites, bacteria, viruses)
    • Toxic, refractory and other emerging pollutants (hard detergents, biocides, solvents, organic micro-pollutants, heavy metals, endocrine disruptors, etc.)
    • Nutrients

  • Development of new specific processes for treatment plants operating under extreme conditions (high altitude, extra-dry climates, flood plains, special health epidemic risks, low-sludge and zero-sludge processes, etc.).

  • Decentralized systems.

Most problems affecting treatment plants (poor-quality effluents and sporadic crash-downs of the process) are due to:
  • Hydraulic short-circuiting
  • High variability in raw sewage flows (hydraulic shocks)
  • High variability in raw sewage quality (loading shocks)
  • Average loading is too high (sometimes too low: plant over-dimensioned)
  • Biomass inhibition or die-off due to shocks of toxic compounds
  • Failures of the secondary clarifier (hydraulic failures, filamentous biomass, denitrification, etc.)
  • Pre and post treatment failures

Existing sewage treatment plants.

  • Upgrading (retrofit) and upscaling treatment plants of any type
  • Optimal operation of treatment plants: continuous consulting to the operator
  • Control of VOCs emissions from treatment plants
  • Nitrification / denitrification, P removal
  • Nitrification inhibitors: identification and control
  • Re-design of treatment plants with poor performance
    • waste stabilization ponds
    • aerated lagoons, constructed wetlands
    • trickling filters (low-rate, high rate, rawing)
    • activated sludge (low rate, high rate, extended
    • combined processes
    • other
  • Sludge treatment and disposal
  • Reduction of sludge volumes and % of organic matter in sludge




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Projects executed by our firm, related to Sewage Treatment and Disposal

                            (municipal and industrial effluents)


Conceptual and process design of The Jeezrael Valley Cities Project, Israel.
This sewage treatment and storage system for wastewater reuse is based on the optimal design and operation of numerous (more than 30) wastewater storage reservoirs (see map). A semi-intensive system with low sludge production. It is the third largest sewage treatment and reuse system in Israel.
Project requested by Palgei Maim Consulting Engineers LTD - Israel.

Monitoring and research of The Jeezrael Valley Cities Project for Sewage Treatment, Storage and Reuse, Israel.
The monitored system comprised of 2 industrial zones (totaling some 70 factories), 4 wastewater treatment plants, numerous wastewater storage reservoirs. The research focused on in-soil accumulation of Potential Hazardous Compounds as a result of long-term irrigation with treated effluent.
Joint project with Palgei Maim Consulting Engineers Ltd., Israel.

Batch operation of a wastewater storage reservoir to obtain effluents of unrestricted irrigation quality, Israel.
Project requested by Kibbutz Sarid, Israel.

Start-up of the Santiago Poniente sewage treatment plant, Chile.
Sewage treatment storage and reuse, pilot and research plant for 100,000 inhabitants, based on non-conventional technologies. Treatment series made of anaerobic ponds, aerated lagoons, facultative ponds and wastewater storage reservoirs. Sludge anaerobic digestion and drying. Design of the monitoring program and database.
Work performed for Tahal Consulting Engineers Ltd., World Bank project.

Master Plan on Wastewater Reclamation and Reuse in Madrid - Spain.
Critical review of a feasibility study for the post-treatment and reuse of 350,000 m3/day of reclaimed effluents.
Wastewater storage in existing lakes, agriculture irrigation, ecological flows, water security, treatment technologies, sludge treatment and disposal, costs.
Study requested by Tecnoma - Barcelona, for Canal de Isabel II.

Conceptual and Process Design for the Sewage Treatment Plant and Reuse Project of the city of Arequipa - Peru.
Project with a horizon of 1.5 million inhabitants, effluents are treated for unrestricted irrigation. The feasibility study included several treatment alternatives and potential sites. Two main alternatives were pre-selected and designed with detail: one based on anaerobic ponds + trickling filters and another one based on UASB reactors + trickling filters. Sludge treatment and disposal for both alternatives. A model on the autodepuration in 25 km of river Chili was developed. A monitoring program was designed.
Study requested by Tahal Consulting Engineers Ltd., for Minera Cerro Verde.

Conceptual and Process Design for the upgrade of the Sewage Treatment Plant of Chilpina - Arequipa - Peru.
The Chilpina sewage treatment plant receives 140 l/s of raw sewage; upgrade to 300 l/s was studied to obtain BOD=15 mg/l and Fecal colif.=1E3 for irrigation. The existing plant uses Imhof Tanks + Trickling filters. A TF/SC - Trickling Filter/Solid Contact process was designed, including sludge treatment and disposal.
Study requested by Tahal Consulting Engineers Ltd.

Master Plan, conceptual and process design for the treatment, storage and reuse of wastewater for the city of Mohammedia, Morocco.
Mohammedia is a city of a quarter million inhabitants with extensive industrial zones reaching and equivalent of 1/2 million inhabitants, plus agricultural areas and beach tourism. Feasibility study, sewage flow forecasting, disposal impacts including sea discharge and irrigation of golf park, design of treatment alternatives, the autodepuration of the river Melah was simulated. Sludge treatment and disposal.
Joint project with Tahal Consulting Engineers LTD - Israel.

Process design and general and detailed design of a regional plant for the treatment, storage and reuse of wastewater for agriculture in Gedera, Israel.
This regional wastewater treatment plant based on semi-intensive technologies serves 5 localities with a total projected population of 50,000 inhabitants. Batch operation of four wastewater storage reservoirs. Sludge treatment and disposal.
Project commissioned by the Gedera Local Council under the auspices of The Israeli National Water and Sewage Administration.

Process design and general and detailed design of a wastewater treatment, storage and reuse plant for the city of Ben-Slimane, Morocco.
The sewage treatment plant of Ben-Slimane serves 30,000 inhabitants. The treated effluents are used for the irrigation of a Golf Course. Batch operation of wastewater storage reservoirs. Part of the effluents are discharged to a river in winter. The project includes criteria for the design of artificial landscape ponds receiving effluents in the golf course. Sludge treatment and disposal.
Joint project with Tahal Consulting Engineers LTD - Israel.

Feasibility study on an integrated system for sewage treatment, reuse and agricultural development for the city of Oujda, Morocco.
Oujda is a city of 1/2 million inhabitants having a large industrial area, and located in an arid area. Zero sludge design.
Joint project with Tahal Consulting Engineers LTD - Israel.

Conceptual and process design for sewage treatment and disposal for the city of Mérida, Venezuela.
Mérida has more than 1/4 million inhabitants and is located in a temperate hill area with almost no space available for construction of sewage treatment plants, thus these must be compact. Centralized versus descentralized treatment alternatives, sludge treatment and disposal. The impact of the treated wastewater on an urban river was a critical limiting factor.
Joint project with Tahal Consulting Engineers LTD - Israel.

Conceptual and process design for sewage treatment and disposal for the city of Barinas, Venezuela.
Barinas has more than 1/4 million inhabitants and is located in a warm plain area with a lot of space available for the construction of the selected extensive sewage treatment plant. Sludge treatment and disposal. The impact of the treated wastewater on the river was studied.
Joint project with Tahal Consulting Engineers LTD - Israel.

Conceptual and process design for sewage treatment and disposal for the city of Machala, Ecuador.
Machala has more than 1/4 million inhabitants and is located in a warm coastal area. Due to historical and development reasons, the sewage of the city is concentrated in three different places and thus three treatment plants were required. Available space for the treatment plants is in swamp areas, which impose several restrictions to construction. The treated effluents will be discharged to the coastal area through the drainage channels of the swamps. Zero sludge design.
Joint project with Tahal Consulting Engineers LTD - Israel.

Alternatives for sewage treatment and disposal of the city of Punta del Este - Uruguay.
Punta del Este is an important summer tourism resort with a peak population of 400,000 inhabitants. Recommended alternative was CEPT followed by sea disposal via marine outfall. Impact on the coastal area (bathing beaches) was a main design consideration and three different disposal sea areas were weighted. Sludge treatment and disposal alternatives.
Consulting requested by Tahal Consulting Engineers LTD. - Israel

Alternatives for sewage treatment and disposal of the city of Salto - Uruguay.
Salto is a city of about 100,000 inhabitants located on the Uruguay River. Two main alternatives were considered: CEPT plus sludge digestors and UASB reactors, both followed by disinfection and discharge of the treated effluents to the Uruguay River via outfall.
Consulting requested by Tahal Consulting Engineers LTD. - Israel

Appropriate technology for wastewater treatment and reuse in rural Middle East areas, Middle East.
R&D project oriented to the development of new low-cost technologies for the treatment and reuse of sewage in semi-arid rural areas of the Middle East. Our firm acted as a consultant on raw sewage flows and qualities, design of UASB, intermitent sand filters, constructed wetlands, low- and zero sludge systems, and costs.
Project sponsored by USAID, with the participation of several institutes from Israel, The Palestinian Authority and Egypt.

General design for sewage treatment and disposal in 9 large-scale tourist resort centers and related towns in República Dominicana.
Each one of the nine centers contains numerous large-scale hotels for massive European tourism. Sewage treatment and disposal should maintain optimal environmental conditions in tropical beaches that are the main tourist attraction of the resorts. The project included the development of quality criteria (standards) and design of sewage treatment and disposal plants (including sludge treatment and disposal) for the discharge of treated effluents to coral beach sea waters (marine outfalls), coastal marshes and mangroves, effluent storage and reuse in irrigation of golf courses and public gardens, and injection in groundwater.
World Bank project.

Process design for tertiary treatment of the effluents of Ra'anana - Israel.
Ra'anana City (~100,000 inhabitants) has a treatment plant based on SBR-Activated Sludge.
Storage of effluents in reservoirs and tertiary treatment including phosphorus removal as required for release in Poleg stream or unrestricted irrigation. Sludge treatment and disposal. Development of a monitoring program for the treated effluents.
Project requested by Raanana Municipality.

Criteria for the process design and operation of wastewater storage reservoirs for effluent reuse.
Research performed in several reservoirs working under different operational conditions. Anaerobic sludge digestion within the reservoir.
Development of a multiple-source database and statistical modelling of the parameters determining treated effluent quality.
Research funded by BMTF-Germany and NCRD-Israel.

Pathogens die-off in wastewater reservoirs as a function of operational parameters.
Development of a statistical model on the removal of Faecal coliforms and bacteriophage virus in storage reservoirs for reuse.
Research funded by the National Water Commission - Israel.

Process design of a 4.5 million m3, 16 m deep reservoir receiving tertiary treated effluents for reuse - Israel.
The reservoir will receive the effluents from Beer-Sheva city after treatment in activated sludge followed by filtration-chlorination. The reclaimed water will be afterwards used for unrestricted irrigation. Stratification control is one of the technics recommended to maintain the quality of the reclaimed water within the reservoir. Anaerobic sludge digestion within the reservoir.
Project requested by Tahal Consulting Engineers Ltd. - Israel

Diagnosis of malfunction and upgrade (process design) of the sewage treatment plant of the city of Arad - Israel (up to 7500 m3/day) in order to obtain effluents for unrestricted irrigation.
Design of alternatives based on intensive and semi-intensive technologies followed by existing storage reservoirs. Sludge treatment and disposal.
Project requested by Tahal Consulting Engineers Ltd. - Israel

Design of a real-scale experiment for nutrient removal by coagulation and sedimentation in a wastewater storage reservoir for reuse, Arad - Israel.
Project requested by Tahal Consulting Engineers Ltd. - Israel

Optimal location of the inlet in the Hemek Hepher wastewater storage and reuse reservoir - Israel.
The 15 m deep reservoir had problems of hydraulic short-circuiting between inlet and outlet. Design of the optimal location of inlet in order to avoid "dead areas" and improve the treatment capacity of the reservoir. Optimal discharge location for filters backwash and sludge.
Project requested by Mekorot Water Co. - Israel

Reliability of the effluent treatment system of a fish hatchery - Israel.
The fish hatchery of the Kibbutz Azorea recycles most of its effluents after advanced treatment, but small fish are very sensitive to water quality. The effluent treatment system was analyzed for reliability, following a request of the insurance company.
Project requested by A. Zghoul Assessors and Surveyors.

Conceptual engineering for the storage, treatment and reuse of cow farming effluents in Kfar Yhoshua - Israel.
Kfar Yhoshua has more than 50 cow & dairy farms. The design includes treatment, storage in reservoirs and reuse of the effluents, and sludge treatment and disposal.
Project requested by Kfar Yhoshua and A.A. Engineers Ltd.

Feasibility study and process design of a treatment plant for wastewater reuse at Sa'adat City - Egypt.
The selected alternative is based on advanced polishing ponds and sub-surface horizontal constructed wetlands.
Project requested by MERC - Appropriate Technology Consortium.

Wastewater reuse in aquaculture: build-up of heavy metals in fish grown in ponds feed with tertiary treated effluents.
A R&D project run by a research team from the Israel Water Workers Association, ARO - Agricultural Research Organization and our firm. The main objective of the project was to set the basis for a standard on heavy metals in reclaimed water used for fish farming.
Project sponsored by The Water Commission and The Ministry of Agriculture, Israel.

How to avoid sewage discharges from the central pumping station of Ramle City.
Expert Opinion to the Court.
Requested by The Ministry of the Environment - Israel.

Review of the conceptual and process design of a treatment plant for effluents of the pharmaceutical industry - Teva, Israel.
The effluents from several pharmaceutical factories are concentrated in one point of the country for treatment and disposal. The effluents are a "difficult" mixture of solvents, salts and other contaminants. A non-sludge treatment process. The review allowed to identify problems in the conceptual and process design of the treatment plant and proposed alternative solutions.
Expert opinion requested by Teva pharmaceutical complex.

Process design for Waste Minimization and Effluent Treatment - Milouban Factory, Israel.
Milouban Factory processes cotton linters (about 14,000 T/year). The product is used by the textil, special papers and chemical industries. The effluents (more than 1600 m3/day) are similar to those of the textil and paper pulp industries, with a non-biodegradable COD fraction. Main treatment system made of CEPT-DAF, aerated lagoon and DAF-2. Two separated lines for sludge dewatering and disposal, alternatives for thermal treatment of sludge. Pilot experiments for black liquor precipitation, anaerobic treatment of effluents, struvite precipitation and other several processes. The factory requested and obtained a permit for the discharge of the treated effluents to sea (marine outfall). Monitoring program.
Work requested by Milouban (M.C.P.) Ltd.

Strategy for the control of an accidental release of LAS detergents to the environment - Zohar Dalia, Israel.
Zohar Dalia is the main manufacturer of detergents in Israel. A study was performed on the best strategy to control an accidental discharge of LAS detergents to the environment.
Project requested by Zohar Dalia Ltd.

Waste minimization and monitoring for Optica Shamir Factory.
Optica Shamir factory produces optical lenses. The factory releases effluents with high Arsenic concentration. Our consulting allowed the factory to comply with the requirements of the Ministry of the Environment.
Project requested by Optica Shamir Factory.

Waste minimization in Cargal Printing Industry.
Cargal is an industrial scale printing industry based on flexografy, with high concentration of heavy metals (Cu and other) in the effluents. The factory had a treatment unit but it was overloaded and failing. Our consulting on waste minimization allowed a conspicuous reduction in loading to the treatment plant. Sludge balance.
Project requested by Cargal Printing Industry.

TOR for the conceptual design of effluent treatment an disposal of the petrochemical industry in Haifa Bay
The core petrochemical industry in Haifa Bay comprises of 5 oil processing factories including refineries. Effluent flow is about 20,000 m3/day. The TOR specifies the basis for the conceptual design of the treatment and disposal of these effluents, with special attention to maintaining a clean river and marine environment.
Project requested by 5 petrochemical factories through Haifa Chemicals Ltd.

Selection of the technolgy for the biological treatment of the effluents from the Makhteshim insecticide factory - Israel.
Makhteshim discharges about 2000 m3/day of effluents with an atypical composition which makes the biological treatment very difficult. Alternative processes and selection of a MBR reactor, sludge alternatives. Alternative conceptual design of the whole sewage treatment.
Process design of evaporation ponds and long-term modelling.
Comparative analysis of international regulations regarding treatment and disposal of atypical effluents.
Projects requested by Makhteshim - Chemical Works Ltd.

Permit for the discharge of effluents to sea - Agan Chemicals Producers Ltd.- Israel.
Agan produces mainly herbicides and discharges the effluents to the sea after a sophisticated treatment.
Simulation of different scenarios.
BAT and environmental standards for the discharge.
Project requested by Agan factory.

Treatment and disposal of the sludges and brackish effluents of the Unilever factory - Israel.
The Unilever food factory at Haifa Bay has brackish effluents with high organic loading.
Our services have covered several issues:
  • Raw effluents characterization - stream separation
  • Water and mass balances for each stream and general balance
  • Optimal operation of pre-treatment units, analysis of several pilot units
  • Optimization of MBR operation:
    • Sludge reduction
    • TMP control
    • P removal
    • Writting the Manual of Operation of the MBR
    • Database development, data analysis and control
  • Alternatives for the disposal of the treated brackish effluents:
    • RO and ZLD
    • discharge to sea
    • infiltration in the aquifer
    • non-brackish streams to municipal sewers
  • Characterization of different types of sludges and wastes
  • Alternatives for the handling, treatment and disposal of the sludges and wastes
Work requested by Unilever-Israel.

Feasibility study for reuse and ZLD in a tannery, BERTIN-Cascavel, Brazil.
The Cascavel tannery produces ca 40,000 m3/month effluents receiving secondary treatment and polish.
UF-RO Ultrafiltration and Reverse Osmosis, reuse within the tannery and disposal of the brines, including ZLD. Sludge treatment and disposal.
Project requested by BERTIN-Brazil.

Feasibility study for thermal treatment of solid waste and sludge from a tannery, BERTIN-Lins, Brazil.
The Lins tannery produces ca 1,500 m3/month of solid wastes plus ca 2000 m3/month of sludge from the effluent treatment plant.
Alternatives for thermal treatment of the wastes and sludge for energy recovery and environmental protection, including cost/benefit analysis.
Parallel works within the framework of the project:
  • Performance of the sewage treatment plant of the tannery (activated sludge)
  • Performance of the sewage treatment plant of the attached slaughterhouse (abattoir) (UASB reactors followed by lagoons in series)
  • Effluents from the biodiesel production unit
  • Effluents from the soap production unit
  • Energy handling in the industrial complex (several factories) and optimization alternatives
Project requested by BERTIN-Brazil.

Conceptual and process design for the treatment of the effluents of Ganir Factory - Israel.
Ganir factory produces orange juice and canned fruits. The factory releases effluents with high COD, low pH and specific pollutants. The design utilizes an existing extensive treatment system, which must be intensified in order to cope with increasing loads. Sewage treatment and disposal.
Project requested by Ganir Factory.

Selection of effluents treatment proposals for ONA Ain Harrouda Oil Factory.
Ein Harrouda factory belongs to ONA's Lesier Cristal. It produces oil and soap with a high volume of heavily loaded effluents. The factory received proposals to construct a treatment plant from three providers, at a costs in the rage of 1 million dollar. Our role was to help the factory to evaluate the proposals and select the best one, including sludge treatment and disposal.
Project requested by EAU-Globe Engineering Consulting firm - Morocco.

Feasibility study for effluent treatment in a large dairy factory at Meknes.
ONA-Centrale Laitiere de Meknes processes milk, cheese, yogourt and other dairy products, releasing heavily loaded effluents. The comparative analysis between different treatment alternatives included waste stream separation, ponds, anaerobic digestors with biogas recovery, activated sludge, sludge treatment and disposal and other.
Project requested by EAU-Globe Engineering Consulting firm - Morocco.

Feasibility study and general design for effluent treatment in a milk processing factory at Fqih Ben Salah.
The ONA milk processing factory releases effluents loaded with proteins and fat. The feasibility study led to a low-cost solution based on high rate stabilization ponds (algal ponds).
Project requested by EAU-Globe Engineering Consulting firm - Morocco.

Feasibility study and general design for effluent treatment in a large sugar factory at Oulad Ayyad.
The SUNAT sugar factory releases heavily loaded effluents, sludge and other liquid and solid residues. Stream separation, effluent treatment, sludge, seasonal changes.
Project requested by EAU-Globe Engineering Consulting firm - Morocco.

INTEL FAB-18 effluents. Widening the range of pH in the effluents from the factory.
Intel factory - with an initial investment of some 1,600 million dollar- is the biggest one in Israel. It discharges about 1.5 million m3 of wastewater per year, allocated for reuse in agriculture. Expert opinion on the potential effects of widening the range of pH values in the effluents from FAB-18.
Project commissioned by Intel.

INTEL FAB-18 effluents. Characterization of the effluents from FAB-18 factory.
Intel factory - with an initial investment of some 1,600 million dollar- is the biggest one in Israel. It discharges about 1.5 million m3 of wastewater per year, allocated for reuse in agriculture.
Project commissioned by Intel.

Design of a monitoring program for the effluents of the Intel plant in Kiryat Gat. Israel.
Intel factory - with an initial investment of some 1,600 million dollar- is the biggest one in Israel. It discharges about 1.5 million m3 of wastewater per year, which are allocated for reuse in agriculture. The monitoring project combines continuous recording for real time control of effluent quality and flow with periodic composite sampling and analysis for monitoring of long-term trends.
Project commissioned by Intel and by the Steering Committee (comprising of: Min. of Environment, Min. of Health, Water Commission and K. Gat municipality, Israel).

Expert Opinion to the Court on sewage treatment for the wine industry.
A winery presented a claim against a consultant in Israel, arguing that his selection of a treatment technology for the winery effluents was wrong.
Our task was to analyze whether the selected treatment technology was appropriate or not.
Expert Opinion requested by Mazor - Steiner Law Offices, Israel.

Review of the Business Plan of a startup firm on environmental technologies - AquaPure, Israel.
A technical analysis of the business plan of a startup firm developping a new AOP technology for water treatment.
Study requested by AquaPure Technologies Ltd.

Industrial Effluents of the Slaughterhouse and Meat Processing CARNEX-VRBAS - Serbia.
Pre-feasibility study for the treatment and disposal of the industrial effluents of a slaughterhouse (abattoire) and meat processing factory with a flow of about 3000 m3/d and high organic loading. Sludge handling, treatment and disposal.
Project requested by Tahal d.o.o - Serbia.

Effluents from the large FARMAKOP pig farm - Serbia.
Pre-feasibility study for the treatment and disposal of the agroindustrial effluents of a large piggery (30,000 heads). Sludge handling, treatment and disposal.
Project requested by Tahal d.o.o - Serbia.

"New Port" auto repair shop - Israel.
Pre-treatment of the effluents of a large repair shop, high flow with high concentration of mineral oil. Sludge handling and disposal.
Project requested by "New Port" auto repair shop - Israel.

Sewer corrosion by the effluents of the Paca factory, Israel.
The Paca factory produces yeasts. The effluents have a high concentration of sulfides. The municipality accuses Paca for the deterioration of the municipal sewers. Our work led to the delimitation of Paca's responsibility.
Project requested by Teva industrial complex - Israel.

Development of criteria for the design of sewage treatment plants under extreme climatic conditions in Bolivia.
Design criteria for treatment plants located on altitudes up to and over 4,000 meters above sea level (low oxygen pressure, high solar radiation, and strong day/night differences in temperature). Water reuse, sludge digestion.
World Bank project.

University of Catania - Italy: R&D on sewage treatment and wastewater reuse.
Cooperation scheme by the University of Catania.

Catchment basin management of Lake Paranoá, Brasilia.
Sewage treatment (main the pollution source)and use of phytoplankton feeding fish to control algae blooms.
The work was carried out within the framework of the Lake Paranoa rehabilitation project.
UNDP project.

The Kishon Complex for sewage treatment, storage and reuse, Israel.
The Kishon Complex was the first inter-regional sewage treatment and massive reuse project in Israel and a long-term monitoring and research multi-disciplinary program was run on it. The program covered the sewage treatment plant (trickling filters and activated sludge) with anaerobic digestion of sludge, a 30 km line, wastewater storage reservoirs, irrigation systems, agriculture soils, crops, drainage systems and numerous other issues. We worked more than 10 years in the program through the Department of Environmental Eng - Technion Israel Institute of Technology.
Commissioned by the Israel Water Commission.

Removal of heavy metals during the storage of effluents in treatment and reuse reservoirs.
Research performed in two wastewater storage reservoirs in series of 6 million m3 each, bottom sediments and sludge traps.
Research within the framework of the Kishon Complex Monitoring Program - Israel.

Tracer studies in the Kishon wastewater reservoirs, Israel.
Rhodamine "b" was used as a tracer to study the hydraulic behavior of two reservoirs in series of 6 million m3 each, establishing the relationship between operational parameters and removal of contaminants.
We participated in the study within the framework of the Kishon Complex Monitoring Program.

Mathematical model of Stabilization Reservoirs.
The model simulates the behavior of hypertrophic reservoirs receiving partially treated wastewater and operated under different conditions, and allows the forecasting of water quality and the effect of operational parameters.
Research and Doctoral Thesis (Dr. Eran Friedler) within the framework of the Kishon Complex Monitoring Program.

Statistical model on the limnology and performance of wastewater storage reservoirs.
Research on the performance of the hypertrophic reservoirs receiving effluents of different qualities, database development, multivariate analysis of effluent quality as a function of operational parameters and natural cycles.
Project sponsored by The Edelstein Foundation.

Survey of pollution sources and their impact on groundwater in the Gaza Strip.
Water demand and sewage flows, existing sewage treatment plants and their performance, disposal of effluents (reuse in irrigation), analysis of long-term data on aquifer water quality, proposals to solve the existing problems on groundwater contamination.
Project of the Israel Water Commission and Gaza Civil Administration.

Review of water resources pollution from roads run-off.
Estimation of the expected quantity and quality of road run-off (diffuse pollution) in Israel, based on international information and adaptation to Israeli conditions. Assessment of pollution potential and suggestion of methods to minimize and treat the polluted runoff.
Study requested by the Water & Rivers Division - Ministry of the Environment Israel.

Consulting services to  EnviroTech Millenium Ltd.  (Omnigal Group) Israel.
EnviroTech Millenium Ltd. is a firm of the Omnigal Group specializing in setting up and managing projects based on new environmental technologies (startups).

Consulting services to  Maytronics  Israel.
Maytronics is a firm producing pool cleaning, automated electronic robots.

Alternatives for the separation, treatment and disposal of fat (organic oil & grease) in industrial effluents
Basis for a change in the Israeli standard regarding the release industrial effluents with FAT into municipal sewer network.
Study requested by the Ministry of the Environment, Israel

Organic pollutants in industrial effluents - Numerical limits.
Basis for a change in the Israel standards regarding the release of industrial effluents into municipal sewers networks.
Three differents standards were developed:
  • flash point, fire point and explosion level
  • VOCs
  • toxicity and degradability (different values by removal in treatment plant and final fate of treated effluents: discharge to river, sea or agricultural reuse)
Study requested by the Ministry of the Environment and The Manufacturers Association of Israel.

Organic pollutants in industrial effluents - Toxicity and inhibition tests.
Basis for a change in the Israel standards regarding the release of industrial effluents into municipal sewer network, according to their toxicity and inhibition on the sewage treatment plant.
Study requested by the Israel Ministry of the Environment.

Soil and water pollution with used mineral oil and related pollutants, industrial effluents.
Discharge, cleaning, separation, treatment, recycling methods and costs.
Basis for new Israeli standards for oil recycling and the prevention of soil and water pollution from:
  • auto repair shops
  • open working areas (oil deposits, open backyards in factories, working esplanades in ports and airports, parking areas for heavy equipment, etc.)
  • spread sources of pollution (maintenance of heavy equipment at the work place, domestic repair shops, etc.)
Study requested by the Industrial Effluent Division - Ministry of the Environment Israel.

National Environmental Priorities - Effluents - Israel.
Members of the committee that recommends the national priorities regarding effluent treatment and disposal.
Project sponsored by the Ministry of the Environment and NGOs.

Design of the monitoring program of the "Third Line" Complex for sewage treatment and reuse, Israel.
The "Third Line" Complex (Greater Tel Aviv) is the largest reuse project in Israel. The multi-year monitoring project included effluents from the activated sludge treatment plant, SAT-Soil Aquifer Treatment, recovery wells, the line itself (more than 100 km) and several reservoirs. Project performed by the Department of Environmental Eng - Technion Israel Institute of Technology.
Commissioned by Mekorot Water Company.



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