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Consulting Services on
Brines, RO reject, desalination concentrate, brackish effluents, ZLD
- Treatment, evaporation and disposal of salty and brackish industrial effluents
- Sea discharge of treated effluents: national and international regulations, BAT and environmental standards, marine outfall optimization,
environmental impact, monitoring programs
- ZLD - Zero Liquid Discharge
- Treatment, evaporation and disposal of RO reject
(RO concentrate, brines) in desalation / desalination projects
- Nitrate removal (NO3)
- Removal of other pollutants
- Reduction of reject volume
- Alternatives for the disposal of the brines and required permits
- Alternative uses for brackish waters (micro-algae growth, macro-algae, brackish irrigation, etc.)
- Evaporation ponds as a reactor: process design, biological control, optimization, forced evaporation, salting-out, modelling, regulations
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Projects executed by the firm, related to Brines,RO rejects, brackish effluents
Review of the conceptual and process design of a treatment plant for effluents of the pharmaceutical industry - Teva, Israel.
Salty effluents from several pharmaceutical factories are concentrated in one point of the country for treatment and disposal.
The effluents are a "difficult" mixture of solvents, salts and other contaminants.
The review allowed to identify problems in the conceptual and process design of the treatment plant and proposed alternative solutions.
Expert opinion requested by Teva pharmaceutical complex, Ramat Hovav.
Process design for Waste Minimization and Effluent Treatment - Milouban Factory, Israel.
Milouban Factory processes cotton linters (about 14,000 T/year). The product is used by the textil, special papers and chemical industries.
The salty effluents (more than 1600 m3/day) are similar to those of the textil and paper pulp industries, with a non-biodegradable COD fraction.
Main treatment system made of CEPT-DAF, aerated lagoon, DAF-2.
The factory requested and obtained a permit for the discharge of the treated effluents to sea (marine outfall). Monitoring program.
Work requested by Milouban (M.C.P.) Ltd.
TOR for the conceptual design of effluent treatment an disposal of the petrochemical industry in Haifa Bay
The core petrochemical industry in Haifa Bay comprises of 5 oil processing factories including refineries.
Effluent flow is about 20,000 m3/day, most effluents are salty / brackish. The TOR specifies the basis for the conceptual design of the treatment and disposal of these effluents,
with special attention to maintaining a clean river and marine environment.
Project requested by 5 petrochemical factories through Haifa Chemicals Ltd.
Selection of the technolgy for the treatment of the effluents of the Makhteshim insecticide factory - Israel.
Makhteshim discharges about 2000 m3/day of brackish effluents with an atypical composition which makes the biological treatment very difficult.
- Alternative conceptual designs for the treatment series, introduction of AOPs
- Performance of pilot plants on alternative biological processes:
MBR submerged, MBR external, multiple-step biofilm, anaerobic+activated sludge
- Process design of evaporation ponds and multi-year simulation by modelling
- Comparative analysis of international regulations regarding treatment and disposal of atypical effluents
Projects requested by Makhteshim - Chemical Works Ltd.
Permit for the discharge of effluents to sea - Agan Chemicals Producers Ltd.- Israel.
Agan produces mainly herbicides and discharges the brackish effluents to the sea after a sophisticated treatment.
Simulation of different scenarios.
BAT and environmental standards for the discharge.
Project requested by Agan factory.
Treatment and disposal of the sludges and brackish effluents of the Unilever factory - Israel.
The Unilever food factory at Haifa Bay has brackish effluents with high organic loading.
Our services have covered several issues:
- Raw effluents characterization - stream separation
- Water and mass balances for each stream and general balance
- Optimal operation of pre-treatment units, analysis of several pilot units
- Optimization of MBR operation:
- Sludge reduction
- TMP control
- P removal
- Writting the Manual of Operation of the MBR
- Database development, data analysis and control
- Alternatives for the disposal of the treated brackish effluents:
- RO and ZLD
- discharge to sea
- infiltration in the aquifer
- non-brackish streams to municipal sewers
- Characterization of different types of sludges and wastes
- Alternatives for the handling, treatment and disposal of the sludges and wastes
Work requested by Unilever-Israel.
Feasibility study for reuse and ZLD in a tannery, BERTIN-Cascavel, Brazil.
The Cascavel tannery produces ca 40,000 m3/month salty effluents receiving secondary treatment and polish.
UF-RO Ultrafiltration and Reverse Osmosis, reuse within the tannery and disposal of the brines, including evaporation, forced evaporation and ZLD.
Project requested by BERTIN-Brazil.
Pollution of the Mediterranean sea from land based sources: municipal sewage, salty industrial effluents, diffuse pollution
Consultation to the WHO (World Health Organisation) within the framework of MAP (Mediterranean Action Plan) project.
Permit for sea discharge of the brines of the Palmachim Desalation Unit - Israel.
The GES-ViaMaris Desalination Unit at Palmachim produces 45 MCM/year freshwater by desalation of sea water by reverse osmosis.
Regularization of the permit for the discharge of brines (concentrate) to the sea covering additives, brines quality, water balance, outfall,
plume dispersion, modelling, hydrographic background, environmental impact, regulations, etc.
Project requested by ViaMaris-GES.
Organic pollutants in industrial effluents - Numerical limits.
Basis for a change in the Israel standards regarding the release of industrial effluents into municipal sewers networks.
Three differents standards were developed:
- flash point, fire point and explosion level
- VOCs
- toxicity and degradability (different values by removal in treatment plant and final fate of treated effluents: discharge to river, sea or agricultural reuse)
Study requested by the Ministry of the Environment and The Manufacturers Association of Israel.
Development of Water Quality Objectives for the discharge of brackish and salty industrial effluents to the Mediterranean Sea - Israel.
Basis for the Marine (coastal area) Water Quality Objectives approved in Israel.
Study performed in partnership with Prof. Michal Green from Technion, requested by the Israel Ministry of the Environment.
Marine outfall "ALA" - Expert Opinion on Environmental Impact-Israel.
The marine outfall "ALA" discharges brines and treated effluents from around Acco to the Mediterranean Sea.
Expert opinion requested by the Towns Association for the Environment - Western Galilee.
Quality requirements for the discharge of industrial effluents to the North Sea and the Rhine.
A review of the European Union present and future policy regarding industrial effluents and hazardous compounds.
Industrial and environmental requirements.
Study requested by The Manufacturers Association of Israel.
National Environmental Priorities - Sea and coastal areas - Israel.
Members of the committee that recommends the national priorities regarding protection of the marine environment.
Project sponsored by the Ministry of the Environment and NGOs.
Expert Opinion to the Court on the pollution of the Kishon Fishing Port (Kishon River) with carcinogenic pollutants.
The Kishon River was heavily polluted with both industrial effluents and municipal sewage.
Study requested by Lawyer Eliezer Fichmann.
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